It wasn’t long ago that “COVID-19 was all anyone was talking about.” But now, tuberculosis (TB) has overtaken it as the leading infectious disease globally, according to the World Health Organization (WHO).

**What is TB?**
TB is caused by *Mycobacterium tuberculosis*, mostly affects the lungs, and spreads through the air. Though curable in 85% of cases, it “can last for years if left untreated.”

**Rising Numbers**
In 2023, TB killed 1.25 million people—nearly four times more than COVID-19 that year. “10.8 million people fell ill with TB,” and co-infections with HIV have risen 40% since 2013, worsening outcomes.

**Who’s at Risk?**
TB hits hardest in low- and middle-income countries. “India, Indonesia, China, the Philippines, and Pakistan account for 56%” of global cases, affecting those with poor access to healthcare.

**Symptoms & Prevention**
TB can cause “coughing up blood, chest pain, fever, night sweats and weight loss.” WHO urges early testing and screening, especially in high-risk regions, and supports six new vaccines in trials.

**Looking Ahead**
Global collaboration is key. WHO stresses the need for “proactive and collaborative efforts” to prevent future outbreaks and end TB by 2030. “We have to work together” to build stronger health systems.