People with thyroid tumors should limit certain foods to manage their condition.

Cruciferous vegetables like kale and cabbage contain goitrogens, which block iodine absorption and may increase goiter risk. Cooking reduces these compounds. Soy products also interfere with thyroid hormone production, especially for those on medication.

Processed foods, high in unhealthy fats and preservatives, can impair thyroid function. A diet rich in fresh, whole foods is recommended. Caffeine may reduce medication absorption and affect heart health, so moderation is key. Alcohol damages thyroid cells and disrupts hormone production, making it best to avoid.

Iodine-rich foods should be limited, particularly before or after radioactive iodine treatments. Hard foods can cause digestive problems post-surgery, and gluten may interfere with hormone absorption. Spicy foods can also irritate digestion, especially after surgery.

For optimal thyroid health, superfoods like berries, apples, Brazil nuts, avocados, eggs, yogurt, and pumpkin seeds provide essential nutrients.