Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, plays a vital role in forming red blood cells, supporting nerve health, and helping with DNA synthesis. A deficiency can start with mild symptoms that may worsen if ignored.

1. Fatigue, Weakness, and Skin Changes
Early signs often include feeling “constantly sad or weak” due to reduced red blood cell production. You might also notice pale or yellow-tinged skin, caused by red cell breakdown and bilirubin release.

2. Breathing and Dizziness Issues
With fewer red blood cells, your body struggles to deliver oxygen efficiently, leading to “shortness of breath—especially during physical activity” and dizziness when standing quickly.

3. Nerve Tingling and Balance Issues
B12 is key to nerve protection. A deficiency can lead to “tingling, numbness, or a ‘pins and needles’ sensation,” especially in the hands and feet. If untreated, nerve damage may affect balance, making falls more likely—particularly in older adults.